Ama-brushless motors ayizinhlobonhlobo zamamotho kagesi okuthi, ngokungafani namabhulashi avamile noma amamotho amalahle, Ukususwa kwamalahle ezimotweni ezingenabhulashi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwalezi zinjini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zamalahle ezivamile.
Ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi zamamotho e-brushless, Amathuluzi ethu amaningi asebenzisa izinjini ezingenalutho ukukuphelezela ngamandla awo ahlukile kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ukuphila isikhathi eside, isisindo esincane kanye nokukhiqizwa komsindo omncane ngezinye zezinto ezihlukanisa lezi zinjini nezinjini zamalahle.
Izimoto ziyiMishini Yokudiliva Amandla
Lapho onjiniyela bebhekene nenselele yokuklama imishini kagesi ukuze benze imisebenzi eyimishini, bangase bacabange ngendlela amasignali kagesi aguqulwa ngayo abe amandla. Ngakho-ke ama-actuator namamotho aphakathi kwemishini eguqula amasignali kagesi abe ukunyakaza. Izimoto zishintsha amandla kagesi zibe amandla emishini.
Uhlobo olulula lwemoto yinjini ye-DC exutshwe. Kulolu hlobo lwenjini, amandla kagesi adluliswa ngamakhoyili ahlelwe ngaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe engaguquki. I-current ikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe kumakhoyili; lokhu kubangela ukuhlangana kwekhoyili ukuthi kuphenduke, njengoba ikhoyili ngayinye idudulwa kude nesigxobo esifana neso futhi sidonselwa esigxotsheni esingafani nesensimu engashintshi. Ukuze ulondoloze ukuzungezisa, kuyadingeka ukuhlehlisa umsinga ngokuqhubekayo—ukuze amakhoyili amakhoyili aqhubeke ephenduka, okubangela ukuba amakhoyili aqhubeke “ejaha” izigxobo ezingashintshiwe. Amandla kumakhoyili anikezwa ngamabhulashi ahambayo angaguquki athintana nomshini ojikelezayo; wukuzungezisa kwesihambisi esidala ukuhlehla kwamandla ngamakhoyili. I-commutator namabhulashi yizinto ezibalulekile ezihlukanisa injini ye-DC ebhulashiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa isimiso esijwayelekile semoto ebhulashiwe.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukusebenza kwe-Brushed DC Motor.
Amabhulashi angashintshi ahlinzeka amandla kagesi kumuntu ojikelezayo. Njengoba i-commutator ijikeleza, ilokhu iphendulela isiqondiso se-current kumakhoyili, ihlehlisa amakhoyili ukuze amakhoyili agcine ukuzungezisa kwesokudla. I-commutator iyazungeza ngoba inamathele ku-rotor lapho amakhoyili afakwe khona.
Ama-motor ayahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwawo lwamandla (AC noma i-DC) kanye nendlela yawo yokukhiqiza ukuzungezisa (Umfanekiso 2). Ngezansi, sibheka kafushane izici nokusetshenziswa kohlobo ngalunye.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezimoto
Amamotho e-DC axutshwe, anomklamo olula nokulawula okulula, asetshenziswa kabanzi ukuvula nokuvala amathreyi ediski. Ezimotweni, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlehlisa, ukunweba, kanye nokubeka amawindi asemaceleni asebenza ngogesi. Izindleko eziphansi zalezi zinjini ziwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuningi. Enye into ewumphumela, nokho, ukuthi amabhulashi nabagibeli bavama ukugqoka ngokushesha ngenxa yokuqhubeka nokuthintana, okudinga ukushintshwa njalo nokunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-stepper motor iqhutshwa ama-pulses; izungeza nge-engeli ethile (isinyathelo) nge-pulse ngayinye. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuzungezisa kulawulwa ngokunembile inani lama-pulses atholiwe, lawa ma-motor asetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza izinguquko zokuma. Avame ukusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula ukuphakelwa kwephepha emishinini yefeksi namaphrinta—njengoba lezi zisetshenziswa ziphakela iphepha ngezinyathelo ezingaguquki, ezihlotshaniswa kalula nenani lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukumisa isikhashana nakho kungalawuleka kalula, njengoba ukuzungezisa kwemoto kuma khona manjalo lapho isignali yokushaya kwenhliziyo iphazamiseka.
Ngamamotho e-synchronous, ukujikeleza kuyavumelana nemvamisa yamanje yokunikezela. Lezi zinjini zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushayela amathreyi azungezayo kuhhavini wemicrowave; amagiya okunciphisa eyunithi yemoto angasetshenziswa ukuthola izivinini ezijikelezayo ezifanele ukushisa ukudla. Ngama-motor induction, futhi, isivinini sokujikeleza siyahlukahluka ngemvamisa; kodwa ukunyakaza akuvumelani. Esikhathini esidlule, lezi zinjini zazivame ukusetshenziswa kubalandeli bakagesi nasemishinini yokuwasha.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto ezisetshenziswayo okuvamile. Kule seshini, sibheka izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-motor e-DC angenalutho.
Kungani I-BLDC Motors Ijika?
Njengoba igama labo lisho, ama-brushless DC motors awasebenzisi amabhulashi. Ngamamotho abhulashiwe, amabhulashi aletha amandla akhona nge-commutator kumakhoyili akurotha. Ngakho-ke i-brushless motor idlula kanjani okwamanje kumakhoyili e-rotor? Akunjalo-ngoba amakhoyili awekho ku-rotor. Kunalokho, i-rotor iyizibuthe unomphela; amakhoyili awajikelezi, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ahlala endaweni yawo ku-stator. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhoyili awanyakazi, asikho isidingo samabhulashi kanye ne-commutator. (Bheka Umfanekiso. 3.)
Ngenjini ebhulashiwe, ukuzungezisa kufinyelelwa ngokulawula amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa amakhoyili kurotha, kuyilapho amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ozibuthe abamile ahlala engashintshi. Ukuze ushintshe isivinini sokujikeleza, ushintsha i-voltage yamakhoyili. Nge-BLDC motor, yizibuthe ezihlala njalo ezijikelezayo; ukuzungezisa kufinyelelwa ngokushintsha isiqondiso sezindawo ezinozibuthe ezikhiqizwe amakhoyili amile azungezile. Ukuze ulawule ukujikeleza, ulungisa ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso se-current kulawa makhoyili.
Njengoba i-rotor inguzibuthe unomphela, ayidingi okwamanje, iqeda isidingo samabhulashi kanye ne-commutator. Okwamanje kumakhoyili angaguquki alawulwa ngaphandle.
Izinzuzo ze-BLDC Motors
Injini ye-BLDC enamakhoyili amathathu ku-stator izoba nezintambo zikagesi eziyisithupha (ezimbili kukhoyili ngayinye) ezisuka kulawa makhoyili. Ekusetshenzisweni okuningi ezintathu zalezi zintambo zizoxhunywa ngaphakathi, nezintambo ezintathu ezisele zisuka emzimbeni wemoto (ngokungafani nezintambo ezimbili ezisuka kumotho ebhulashiwe ezichazwe ngaphambili). Izintambo kukesi lemoto ye-BLDC ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokumane uxhume amatheminali aqondile noma angalungile; sizobheka kabanzi ukuthi lezi zithuthuthu zisebenza kanjani esimisweni sesibili salolu chungechunge. Ngezansi, siphetha ngokubheka izinzuzo ze-BLDC motors.
Enye inzuzo enkulu ukusebenza kahle, njengoba lawa ma-motor angakwazi ukulawula ngokuqhubekayo ngamandla amakhulu okujikeleza (torque). Amamotho axutshiwe, ngokuphambene, afinyelela i-torque ephezulu emaphoyintini athile kuphela ekujikelezeni. Ukuze injini ebhulashiwe ilethe i-torque efanayo nemodeli ye-brushless, kuzodingeka ukuthi isebenzise omazibuthe abakhulu. Kungakho ngisho namamotho amancane e-BLDC akwazi ukuletha amandla amakhulu.
Inzuzo yesibili enkulu—ehlobene neyokuqala—ukulawuleka. Amamotho e-BLDC angalawulwa, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuphendula, ukuze alethe ngokuqondile itorque nesivinini sokuzungezisa. Ukulawula ukunemba nakho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, futhi—ezimeni lapho amamotho asebenza ngebhethri—kwandisa impilo yebhethri.
Amamotho e-BLDC aphinde anikeze ukuqina okuphezulu nomsindo ophansi kagesi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamabhulashi. Ngama-motor axutshwe, amabhulashi kanye ne-commutator iyawohloka ngenxa yokuthintana okuqhubekayo, futhi iphinde ikhiqize izinhlansi lapho kuxhumana khona. Umsindo kagesi, ikakhulukazi, uwumphumela wezinhlansi ezinamandla ezivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni lapho amabhulashi edlula khona izikhala ku-commutator. Yingakho ama-motor e-BLDC evame ukubhekwa njengekhethelo ezinhlelweni lapho kubalulekile ukugwema umsindo kagesi.
Izicelo Ezikahle ze-BLDC Motors
Sibonile ukuthi izinjini ze-BLDC zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokulawuleka, nokuthi anempilo ende yokusebenza. Ngakho zilungele ini? Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, asetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa emishinini yokuwasha, ama-air conditioner, nezinye izinto zikagesi zabathengi; futhi kamuva nje, zivela kubalandeli, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu kube nomthelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukushayela imishini ye-vacuum. Kwesinye isigameko, ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokulawula kuholele ekugxumeni okukhulu kwesivinini esijikelezayo—isibonelo sokulawuleka okuphakeme okunikezwa yilawa ma-motor.
Amamotho e-BLDC nawo asetshenziselwa ukuphotha amadrayivu amadiski aqinile, lapho ukuqina kwawo kugcina amadrayivu esebenza ngokwethembeka esikhathini eside, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle kwawo kunomthelela ekwehliseni amandla endaweni lapho lokhu kukhula kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ibheke Ukusetshenziswa Okubanzi Esikhathini Esizayo
Singalindela ukubona amamotha e-BLDC esetshenziswa kuhlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuzayo. Isibonelo, cishe azosetshenziswa kabanzi ukushayela amarobhothi esevisi—amarobhothi amancane aletha izinsiza emikhakheni engaphandle kokukhiqiza. Umuntu angase acabange ukuthi ama-stepper motors afaneleka kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwesicelo, lapho ama-pulses angasetshenziswa khona ukulawula ngokunembile ukuma. Kepha ama-BLDC motors afaneleka kangcono ukulawula amandla. Futhi ngenjini enyathelayo, ukubamba indawo yesakhiwo esifana nengalo yerobhothi kuzodinga umthamo wamanje omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa futhi oqhubekayo. Ngenjini ye-BLDC, konke okungadingeka isilinganiso samanje namandla angaphandle-okuvumela ukulawula okunamandla kakhudlwana. Amamotho e-BLDC angase ashintshe ama-motor dc alula ezinqoleni zegalofu nasezinqoleni ezihambayo. Ngokungeziwe ekusebenzeni kahle kwawo okungcono, amamotho e-BLDC angakwazi futhi ukuletha ukulawula okunembe kakhudlwana—okungase futhi kunwebe ukuphila kwebhethri.
Izinjini ze-BLDC nazo zilungele ama-drones. Ikhono labo lokuletha ukulawula okunembayo libenza bafaneleke ngokukhethekile ama-multirotor drones, lapho isimo sengqondo se-drone silawulwa ngokulawula ngokunembile isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-rotor ngayinye.
Kule seshini, sibonile ukuthi amamotho e-BLDC anikezela kanjani ukusebenza kahle, ukulawuleka, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa ukulawula okucophelelayo nokufanelekile kubalulekile ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla alezi zinjini. Esigabeni sethu esilandelayo, sizobheka ukuthi lezi zinjini zisebenza kanjani.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023