Moteri ya Brushless ni moteri zitandukanye zamashanyarazi, bitandukanye na moteri isanzwe ya brush cyangwa amakara, Gukuraho amakara muri moteri idafite amashanyarazi byongera imikorere no kuramba kwi moteri ugereranije na moteri isanzwe yamakara.
Bitewe nibyiza byinshi bya moteri idafite brush, Ibikoresho byacu byinshi bikoresha moteri idafite brush kugirango iguherekeze nimbaraga zidasanzwe mubihe byose. Igihe kirekire, uburemere bworoheje hamwe n’urusaku ruke ni bimwe mu bintu bitandukanya izo moteri na moteri ikoreshwa n’amakara.
Moteri ni Imashini zitanga ingufu
Iyo abajenjeri bahuye nikibazo cyo gutegura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango bakore imirimo yubukanishi, barashobora gutekereza uburyo ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bihinduka ingufu. Imashini rero na moteri biri mubikoresho bihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mukigenda. Moteri ihana ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini.
Ubwoko bworoshye bwa moteri ni moteri ya DC yogejwe. Muri ubu bwoko bwa moteri, amashanyarazi anyuzwa mumashanyarazi atunganijwe mumashanyarazi ahamye. Ibiriho bitanga imbaraga za magneti mumashanyarazi; ibi bitera inteko ya coil kuzunguruka, nkuko buri coil isunikwa kure nkibiti hanyuma igakururwa yerekeza kumurongo utandukanye numurima uhamye. Kugirango ukomeze kuzunguruka, birakenewe guhora uhinduranya ibyagezweho - kugirango polarisi ya coil ikomeze guhindagurika, bigatuma ibishishwa bikomeza "kwiruka" bitandukanye ninkingi zifatika. Imbaraga kuri coil zitangwa binyuze mumashanyarazi ahamye akora itumanaho na rotateur izunguruka; ni ukuzenguruka kwa commutator itera ihinduka ryumuyaga binyuze muri coil. Ingendo nogusunika nibintu byingenzi bitandukanya moteri ya DC yasunitswe nubundi bwoko bwa moteri. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana ihame rusange rya moteri yasunitswe.
Igishushanyo 1: Imikorere ya moteri ya DC yasunitswe.
Umuringa uhamye utanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri komisiyo izunguruka. Mugihe ingendo izunguruka, ihora ihinduranya icyerekezo cyumuyaga muri coil, igahindura inkingi ya coil kugirango ibishishwa bikomeze kuzenguruka iburyo. Ingendo irazunguruka kuko ifatanye na rotor yashizwemo ibishishwa.
Moteri ziratandukanye ukurikije ubwoko bwimbaraga zabo (AC cyangwa DC) nuburyo bwabo bwo kubyara kuzunguruka (Ishusho 2). Hasi, turareba muri make ibiranga n'imikoreshereze ya buri bwoko.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri
Moteri ya DC yasunitswe, igaragaramo igishushanyo cyoroshye no kugenzura byoroshye, ikoreshwa cyane mugukingura no gufunga inzira ya disiki. Mu modoka, zikoreshwa kenshi mugusubira inyuma, kwagura, no gushyira amadirishya kuruhande rukoreshwa namashanyarazi. Igiciro gito cya moteri ituma gikoreshwa cyane. Imwe mu mbogamizi, ni uko guswera hamwe nabagenzi bakunda kwambara vuba bitewe nuburyo bakomeje guhura, bisaba gusimburwa kenshi no kubitaho buri gihe.
Moteri ikandagira itwarwa na pulses; izunguruka inyuze mu nguni yihariye (intambwe) hamwe na buri pulse. Kuberako kuzunguruka bigenzurwa neza numubare wa pulses yakiriwe, moteri ikoreshwa cyane mugushira mubikorwa imyanya ihindagurika. Bakunze gukoreshwa, kurugero, kugenzura ibiryo byimpapuro mumashini ya fax na printer - kubera ko ibyo bikoresho bigaburira impapuro mu ntambwe zihamye, zifitanye isano byoroshye no kubara impiswi. Kuruhuka birashobora kandi kugenzurwa byoroshye, kuko moteri ihinduranya ako kanya mugihe ibimenyetso bya pulse byahagaritswe.
Hamwe na moteri ikora, kuzunguruka ni kimwe ninshuro zitangwa. Moteri zikoreshwa kenshi mugutwara ingendo zizunguruka mu ziko rya microwave; ibikoresho byo kugabanya mubice bya moteri birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubone umuvuduko ukwiye wo gushyushya ibiryo. Hamwe na moteri ya induction, nayo, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka uratandukanye na frequency; ariko kugenda ntabwo bihuye. Kera, moteri yakundaga gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi no kumesa.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri mukoresha bisanzwe. Muri iki cyiciro, turareba ibyiza nibisabwa bya moteri idafite DC.
Kuki Moteri ya BLDC ihinduka?
Nkuko izina ryabo ribisobanura, moteri ya DC idafite brush ntabwo ikoresha brush. Hamwe na moteri yasunitswe, guswera bitanga umuyoboro unyuze muri commutator muri coil kuri rotor. Nigute moteri idafite brush itambutsa amashanyarazi kuri rotor? Ntabwo aribyo - kuberako ibishishwa bitaba kuri rotor. Ahubwo, rotor ni rukuruzi ihoraho; ibishishwa ntibizunguruka, ahubwo bigashyirwa mumwanya kuri stator. Kuberako ibishishwa bitimuka, ntihakenewe guswera no kugenda. (Reba Ishusho.)
Hamwe na moteri yasunitswe, kuzunguruka kugerwaho mugucunga imirima ya magneti ikorwa na coil kuri rotor, mugihe umurima wa magneti wakozwe na magnesi uhagaze ukomeza kuba mwiza. Guhindura umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka, uhindura voltage ya coil. Hamwe na moteri ya BLDC, ni rukuruzi ihoraho izunguruka; Kuzenguruka kugerwaho muguhindura icyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti ukorwa na coil ihagaze. Kugenzura kuzunguruka, uhindura ubunini nicyerekezo cyubu muri coil.
Kubera ko rotor ari rukuruzi ihoraho, ntikeneye ikigezweho, ikuraho ibikenerwa no gukaraba. Ibiriho kuri coil ihamye igenzurwa hanze.
Ibyiza bya Moteri ya BLDC
Moteri ya BLDC ifite ibiceri bitatu kuri stator izaba ifite insinga esheshatu zamashanyarazi (ebyiri kuri buri coil) ziva kuri ziriya shitingi. Mubikorwa byinshi, insinga eshatu murizo zizahuzwa imbere, hamwe ninsinga eshatu zisigaye ziva mumubiri wa moteri (bitandukanye ninsinga ebyiri ziva kuri moteri yasunitswe yasobanuwe mbere). Gukoresha insinga ya moteri ya BLDC biragoye kuruta guhuza gusa ingufu za selile nziza kandi mbi; tuzareba neza uburyo moteri ikora mugice cya kabiri cyuruhererekane. Hasi, turangije tureba ibyiza bya moteri ya BLDC.
Inyungu imwe nini ni imikorere, nkuko moteri zishobora kugenzura ubudahwema imbaraga nini cyane (torque). Moteri zogejwe, bitandukanye, zigera kuri torque ntarengwa kumwanya runaka mukuzunguruka. Kugirango moteri isunitswe kugirango itange urumuri rumwe na moderi itagira brush, byakenera gukoresha magnesi manini. Niyo mpamvu na moteri ntoya ya BLDC ishobora gutanga imbaraga zitari nke.
Inyungu ya kabiri nini-ijyanye niyambere - ni ukugenzura. Moteri ya BLDC irashobora kugenzurwa, ikoresheje uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, kugirango itange neza neza icyerekezo cyifuzwa n'umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka. Kugenzura neza na byo bigabanya gukoresha ingufu no kubyara ubushyuhe, kandi - mugihe moteri ikoreshwa na bateri - byongerera igihe cya bateri.
Moteri ya BLDC nayo itanga uburebure burambye hamwe n’amashanyarazi make y’amashanyarazi, bitewe no kubura amashanyarazi. Hamwe na moteri yogejwe, guswera hamwe nabagenzi birashira bitewe nuburyo bukomeza kugenda, kandi bikanatanga ibishashi aho bihurira. Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane, ni ibisubizo by'imishwarara ikunda kugaragara ahantu usanga umuyonga unyura mu cyuho kiri muri komite. Niyo mpamvu moteri ya BLDC ikunze gufatwa nkibikenewe mubisabwa aho ari ngombwa kwirinda urusaku rwamashanyarazi.
Porogaramu Nziza Kuri Moteri ya BLDC
Twabonye ko moteri ya BLDC itanga imikorere myiza kandi igenzurwa, kandi ko ifite ubuzima burebure. None ni izihe nyungu? Kubera imikorere yabo no kuramba, bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bikora ubudahwema. Bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mumashini imesa, konderasi, nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki; kandi vuba aha, bagaragara mubafana, aho imikorere yabo yo hejuru yagize uruhare mukugabanuka gukabije kwamashanyarazi.
Bakoreshwa kandi mugutwara imashini za vacuum. Mugihe kimwe, impinduka muri gahunda yo kugenzura yatumye habaho gusimbuka kwinshi mu muvuduko ukabije - urugero rwubugenzuzi buhebuje butangwa na moteri.
Moteri ya BLDC nayo irakoreshwa mukuzunguruka disiki zikomeye, aho kuramba kwayo bituma drives ikora neza mugihe kirekire, mugihe ingufu zabo zigira uruhare mukugabanya ingufu mubice aho bigenda biba ngombwa.
Kugana Imikoreshereze Yagutse Mugihe kizaza
Turashobora kwitegereza kubona moteri ya BLDC ikoreshwa murwego rwagutse rwa porogaramu mugihe kizaza. Kurugero, birashoboka ko bizakoreshwa cyane mugutwara robot ya serivise-robot ntoya itanga serivisi mubindi bitari inganda. Umuntu arashobora gutekereza ko moteri yintambwe yaba ikwiriye muri ubu bwoko bwa porogaramu, aho impiswi zishobora gukoreshwa mugucunga neza imyanya. Ariko moteri ya BLDC ikwiranye no kugenzura imbaraga. Kandi hamwe na moteri ikomeza, gufata umwanya wimiterere nkamaboko ya robo byasaba umuyoboro munini kandi uhoraho. Hamwe na moteri ya BLDC, ibyakenerwa byose nibisanzwe bigereranywa nimbaraga zo hanze-zitanga imbaraga nyinshi zo kugenzura. Moteri ya BLDC irashobora kandi gusimbuza moteri yoroheje ya dc yasunitswe mumagare ya golf na karitsiye. Usibye gukora neza, moteri ya BLDC irashobora kandi gutanga igenzura ryuzuye-naryo rishobora kongera igihe cya bateri.
Moteri ya BLDC nayo nibyiza kuri drone. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kugenzura neza butuma bikwiranye cyane na drone nyinshi, aho imyifatire ya drone igenzurwa no kugenzura neza umuvuduko wa rotor.
Muri iki cyiciro, twabonye uburyo moteri ya BLDC itanga imikorere myiza, kugenzurwa, no kuramba. Ariko kwitonda no kugenzura neza nibyingenzi kugirango ukoreshe byuzuye ubushobozi bwa moteri. Mu isomo ryacu ritaha, tuzareba uburyo moteri ikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023