Ma motors opanda maburashi ndi ma mota amagetsi osiyanasiyana omwe, mosiyana ndi maburashi wamba kapena ma mota a malasha, Kuchotsedwa kwa makala mu mota zopanda maburashi kumawonjezera mphamvu komanso moyo wautali wa ma mota awa poyerekeza ndi injini zamakala wamba.
Chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri zama motors opanda brush, zida zathu zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma motors opanda brush kutsagana nanu ndi mphamvu zawo zapadera zilizonse. Kutalika kwa moyo, kulemera kochepa komanso kupanga phokoso pang'ono ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa injinizi ndi injini zoyaka malasha.
Ma motors ndi Makina Operekera Mphamvu
Mainjiniya akakumana ndi vuto lopanga zida zamagetsi kuti azigwira ntchito zamakina, angaganizire momwe ma siginecha amagetsi amasinthira kukhala mphamvu. Choncho ma actuators ndi ma motors ali m'gulu la zida zomwe zimasinthira ma sign amagetsi kuti aziyenda. Ma motors amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina.
Mtundu wosavuta wagalimoto ndi brashi DC mota. Mu mtundu uwu wa injini, mphamvu zamagetsi zimadutsa muzitsulo zomwe zimakonzedwa mkati mwa mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika. Pakali pano kumapanga maginito minda mu koyilo; Izi zimapangitsa kuti koyiloyo ikhale yozungulira, pamene koyilo iliyonse imakankhidwa kuchoka pamtengo womwewo ndikukokera kumtengo wosiyana wa munda wokhazikika. Kuti zitsulozo zizizungulirabe, m'pofunika kutembenuza mafunde mosalekeza—kuti ma koyilo azizungulira mosalekeza, kuchititsa kuti makholowo apitirize “kuthamangitsa” mitengo yokhazikika. Mphamvu ya ma coils imaperekedwa kudzera mu maburashi okhazikika omwe amalumikizana ndi makina ozungulira; ndi kuzungulira kwa commutator komwe kumayambitsa kusinthika kwaposachedwa kudzera m'makoyilo. Ma commutator ndi maburashi ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa mota ya DC yopukutidwa ndi mitundu ina yamagalimoto. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa mfundo zonse za injini yopukutidwa.
Chithunzi 1: Ntchito ya Brushed DC Motor.
Maburashi osasunthika amapereka mphamvu yamagetsi kwa makina ozungulira. Pamene commutator ikuzungulira, imatembenuza mosalekeza kumene makoyilo amayendera, kutembenuza ma coil polarities kuti ma koyilo azikhala ozungulira kumanja. The commutator imazungulira chifukwa imamangiriridwa ku rotor yomwe ma coil amayikidwa.
Ma motors amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mphamvu (AC kapena DC) ndi njira yawo yopangira kasinthasintha (Chithunzi 2). Pansipa, timayang'ana mwachidule mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zamtundu uliwonse.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yamagalimoto
Ma motors a brushed DC, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso kuwongolera kosavuta, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutsegula ndi kutseka ma tray a disk. M'magalimoto, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobweza, kukulitsa, ndikuyika mawindo am'mbali oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Kutsika mtengo kwa ma motors awa kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti maburashi ndi ma commutator azivala mwachangu chifukwa cholumikizana mosalekeza, zimafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi komanso kukonza nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ma stepper motor amayendetsedwa ndi ma pulses; imazungulira pa ngodya inayake (masitepe) ndi kugunda kulikonse. Chifukwa kusinthasintha kumayendetsedwa ndendende ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pulse omwe alandilidwa, ma motors awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukhazikitsa zosintha zapamalo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri, mwachitsanzo, kulamulira chakudya cha mapepala m’makina a fax ndi osindikizira—popeza zipangizozi zimadyetsa mapepala m’masitepe okhazikika, amene amagwirizanitsidwa mosavuta ndi kuŵerengera kwa kugunda kwa mtima. Kuyimitsa kungathenso kulamuliridwa mosavuta, chifukwa kuzungulira kwa injini kuyima nthawi yomweyo pamene chizindikiro cha kugunda kwasokonezedwa.
Ndi ma synchronous motors, kusinthasintha kumayenderana ndi ma frequency amagetsi apano. Ma motors awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa matayala ozungulira mu uvuni wa microwave; magiya ochepetsera mugawo lamagalimoto atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza liwiro lozungulira loyenera kutentha chakudya. Ndi ma induction motors, nawonso, liwiro lozungulira limasiyanasiyana pafupipafupi; koma kayendedwe si synchronous. M'mbuyomu, ma motors awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafani amagetsi ndi makina ochapira.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Mu gawoli, tiwona ubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma brushless DC motors.
Chifukwa chiyani BLDC Motors Imatembenuka?
Monga dzina lawo limatanthawuzira, ma brushless DC motors sagwiritsa ntchito maburashi. Ndi ma motors opukutidwa, maburashi amatulutsa magetsi kudzera pa commutator kupita ku ma coil pa rotor. Ndiye injini yopanda brush imadutsa bwanji pakali pano kupita ku ma rotor? Sichoncho - chifukwa ma coils sapezeka pa rotor. M'malo mwake, rotor ndi maginito okhazikika; ma coils sazungulira, koma m'malo mwake amakhazikika pa stator. Chifukwa coils sasuntha, palibe chifukwa cha maburashi ndi commutator. (Onani Chithunzi 3.)
Ndi motor brushed, kuzungulira kumatheka ndikuwongolera maginito opangidwa ndi ma koyilo pa rotor, pomwe mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi maginito osasunthika imakhalabe yokhazikika. Kuti musinthe liwiro lozungulira, mumasintha voteji pamakoyilo. Ndi injini ya BLDC, ndi maginito okhazikika omwe amazungulira; kuzungulira kumatheka ndi kusintha komwe kumayendera maginito opangidwa ndi ma koyilo ozungulira ozungulira. Kuti muwongolere kuzungulira, mumasintha kukula ndi komwe kumachokera pakalipano kukhala ma koyilowa.
Popeza rotor ndi maginito okhazikika, safuna panopa, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa maburashi ndi commutator. Pakali pano pazitsulo zokhazikika zimayendetsedwa kuchokera kunja.
Ubwino wa BLDC Motors
Galimoto ya BLDC yokhala ndi ma koyilo atatu pa stator idzakhala ndi mawaya amagetsi asanu ndi limodzi (awiri ku koyilo iliyonse) kuchokera ku makoyilowa. M'machitidwe ambiri atatu mwa mawayawa adzalumikizidwa mkati, ndi mawaya atatu otsalawo amachokera kugalimoto yamagalimoto (mosiyana ndi mawaya awiri omwe amachokera ku mota yopukutidwa yomwe tafotokoza kale). Mawaya mu galimoto ya BLDC ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kungolumikiza ma terminals abwino ndi oyipa a cell; tiwona bwino momwe ma motorswa amagwirira ntchito gawo lachiwiri la mndandanda uno. Pansipa, tikumaliza poyang'ana ubwino wa ma motors a BLDC.
Ubwino umodzi waukulu ndikuchita bwino, chifukwa ma motors awa amatha kuwongolera mosalekeza pamphamvu yozungulira kwambiri (ma torque). Ma motors opukutidwa, mosiyana, amafikira torque yayikulu pazigawo zina zozungulira. Kuti injini yopukutidwa ipereke torque yofanana ndi mtundu wopanda brush, iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maginito okulirapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ngakhale ma motors ang'onoang'ono a BLDC amatha kupereka mphamvu zambiri.
Ubwino wachiwiri waukulu - wokhudzana ndi woyamba - ndikutha kuwongolera. Ma motors a BLDC amatha kuwongoleredwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyankhira, kuti apereke ndendende torque yomwe mukufuna komanso liwiro lozungulira. Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kutulutsa kutentha, ndipo-nthawi yomwe ma mota ali ndi batire - kumatalikitsa moyo wa batri.
Ma motors a BLDC amaperekanso kulimba kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa phokoso lamagetsi, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maburashi. Ndi ma motors opukutidwa, maburashi ndi ma commutator amatsika chifukwa cha kusuntha kosalekeza, komanso kumatulutsa zonyezimira zomwe zimalumikizana. Phokoso lamagetsi, makamaka, ndilo chifukwa cha zowawa zolimba zomwe zimakonda kuchitika m'madera omwe maburashi amadutsa pamipata ya commutator. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma mota a BLDC nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati abwino pamapulogalamu pomwe ndikofunikira kupewa phokoso lamagetsi.
Mapulogalamu Oyenera a BLDC Motors
Tawona kuti ma motors a BLDC amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwongolera, komanso kuti amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ndiye ndi abwino kwa chiyani? Chifukwa cha luso lawo komanso moyo wautali, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zomwe zimayenda mosalekeza. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali m'makina ochapira, ma air conditioners, ndi zida zina zamagetsi; ndipo posachedwapa, akuwonekera mu mafani, komwe kuwongolera kwawo kwakukulu kwathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendetsa makina a vacuum. Nthawi ina, kusintha kwa pulogalamu yowongolera kunapangitsa kulumpha kwakukulu mu liwiro lozungulira-chitsanzo cha kuwongolera kopambana koperekedwa ndi ma mota awa.
Ma motors a BLDC akugwiritsidwanso ntchito pozungulira ma hard disk drive, pomwe kulimba kwawo kumapangitsa kuti ma drive azigwira ntchito modalirika pakapita nthawi yayitali, pomwe mphamvu zawo zogwirira ntchito zimathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu kudera lomwe izi zikukhala zofunika kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri M'tsogolomu
Titha kuyembekezera kuwona ma mota a BLDC akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yambiri yamtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, mwina adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa maloboti ogwira ntchito—maloboti ang'onoang'ono omwe amapereka ntchito zina osati kupanga. Wina angaganize kuti ma stepper motors atha kukhala oyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwamtunduwu, pomwe ma pulse angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera momwe amayika. Koma ma motors a BLDC ndi oyenera kuwongolera mphamvu. Ndipo ndi injini yotsika, kukhala ndi malo opangidwa ngati mkono wa loboti kungafune mphamvu yayikulu komanso yopitilira. Ndi injini ya BLDC, zonse zomwe zingafunike ndizofanana ndi mphamvu yakunja - kulola kuwongolera kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ma motors a BLDC atha kukhalanso m'malo osavuta a brushed dc motors m'ngolo za gofu ndi ngolo zoyenda. Kuphatikiza pakuchita bwino kwawo, ma motors a BLDC amathanso kuwongolera bwino kwambiri - zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera moyo wa batri.
Ma motors a BLDC nawonso ndi abwino kwa ma drones. Kukhoza kwawo kupereka kuwongolera molondola kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenerera kwambiri ma drones amtundu wa multirotor, pomwe malingaliro a drone amawongoleredwa ndikuwongolera bwino liwiro la rotor iliyonse.
Mu gawoli, tawona momwe ma motors a BLDC amapereka bwino kwambiri, kuwongolera, komanso moyo wautali. Koma kuwongolera koyenera ndi koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mokwanira mphamvu zama injiniwa. Mu gawo lathu lotsatira, tiwona momwe ma mota amagwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023